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Robert Desnos (; 4 July 1900 – 8 June 1945), was a French surrealist poet who played a key role in the Surrealist movement of his day. == Biography == Robert Desnos was born in Paris on 4 July 1900, the son of a licensed dealer in game and poultry at the Halles market. Desnos attended commercial college, and started work as a clerk. After that he worked as a literary columnist for the newspaper ''Paris-Soir.'' The first poems by Desnos to appear in print were published in 1917 in ''La Tribune des Jeunes'' (Platform for Youth) and in 1919 in the avant-garde review, ''Le Trait d’union'' (HYPHEN), and also the same year in the Dadaist magazine ''Littérature''. In 1922 he published his first book, a collection of surrealistic aphorisms, with the title Rrose Sélavy (based upon the name (pseudonym) of the popular French artist Marcel Duchamp). In 1919, he met the poet Benjamin Péret who introduced him to the Paris Dada group and André Breton, with whom he soon became friends. While working as a literary columnist for ''Paris-Soir'', Desnos was an active member of the Surrealist group and developed a particular talent for "automatic writing". He, together with writers such as Louis Aragon and Paul Éluard, would form the literary vanguard of surrealism. André Breton included two photographs of Desnos sleeping in his surrealist novel ''Nadja''.〔Sitney, P Adams. ''Modernist montage : the obscurity of vision in cinema and literature''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. 28.〕 Although he was praised by Breton in his 1924 ''Manifeste du Surréalisme'' for being the movement's "prophet", Desnos disagreed with Surrealism's involvement in communist politics, which caused a rift between him and Breton. Desnos continued work as a columnist. In 1926 he composed ''The Night of Loveless Nights,'' a lyric poem dealing with solitude curiously written in classic quatrains, which makes it more like Baudelaire than Breton. Desnos fell in love with Yvonne George, a singer whose obsessed fans made his love impossible. He wrote several poems for her, as well as the erotic surrealist novel ''La liberté ou l'amour!'' (1927). Critic Ray Keenoy describes ''La liberté ou l'amour!'' as ''"literary and lyrical in its outpourings of sexual delirium"''.〔Ray Keenoy, ''Liberty or Love!'' in Keeney (ed.), ''The Babel guide to French fiction in English translation''. (pp.72-3). London : Boulevard, 1996. ISBN 1-899460-10-1〕 By 1929, Breton definitively condemned Desnos, who in turn joined Georges Bataille and ''Documents'', as one of the authors to sign ''Un Cadavre'' (A cadaver) attacking "le boeuf Breton" (the ox Breton). He wrote articles on "Modern Imagery", "Avant-garde Cinema" (1929, issue 7), "Pygmalion and the Sphinx" (1930, issue 1), and Sergei Eisenstein, the Soviet filmmaker, on his film titled ''The General Line'' (1930, issue 4). His career in radio began in 1932 with a show dedicated to Fantomas. During that time, he became friends with Picasso, Hemingway, Artaud and John Dos Passos; published many critical reviews on jazz and cinema; and became increasingly involved in politics. He wrote for many periodicals, including ''Littérature'', ''La Révolution surréaliste'', and ''Variétés''. Besides his numerous collections of poems, he published three novels, ''Deuil pour deuil'' (1924), ''La Liberté ou l’amour!'' (1927), and ''Le vin est tiré'' (1943); a play ''La Place De L'Etoile,'' (1928; revised 1944) and a film script, ''L'Etoile de mer'' (1928), which was directed by Man Ray that same year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Desnos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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